This narrative review was conducted with the aim of investigating the applications of cognitive resilience of military personnel against psychological stress. To answer the question of how cognitive resilience currently helps military personnel to deal with psychological stress. Military personnel often perform complex cognitive operations under unique conditions and extreme stress. This need to perform various physical and mental tasks under stress, often at great risk, has led to the recognition of the term "warrior" for these people. Cognitive impairment as a result of this stress may have serious consequences for the success of military operations and the well-being of servicemen and women, especially in combat scenarios. Therefore, understanding the nature of stress experienced by military personnel and cognitive resilience against this stress is of great importance. This review synthesizes the current state of the literature on cognitive resilience to psychological stress in combatants. The experience of psychological stress in military personnel is considered through the lens of exchange theory of stress while providing contemporary updates and new insights. Models of the effects of stress on cognitive performance are then reviewed to highlight the complexity of this interaction before considering recent advances in preparing military personnel to enhance cognitive flexibility. Several areas for future research have been identified throughout the review, emphasizing the need for wider use of self-report measures and hybrid approaches to better reflect the subjective experience of stress and its impact on cognitive operational performance.