Objective: The present study aims to systematically review the trends, scenarios, and challenges of higher education.
Methodology: Utilizing the systematic review method, 320 scholarly articles published between 2004 and 2025 were collected from reputable databases. After removing duplicate articles and completing the screening process, 28 relevant and eligible articles were selected for the final analysis.
Findings: Four key trends are expected to shape the future of higher education: (1) the digitalization of processes, leading to the expansion of blended learning and the adoption of technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data; (2) the convergence of universities with industries and labor markets to enhance students’ skills and facilitate their entry into the workforce; (3) changes in university governance models, shifting toward data-driven governance and participatory management; and (4) the internationalization of higher education, intensifying competition for attracting international students and fostering cross-border research collaborations. The major challenges facing the future of higher education include rising tuition fees and financial constraints, inequalities in access to digital technologies, the erosion of academic autonomy due to political and economic pressures, and complexities associated with internationalization.
Originality: This study provides an analytical framework for higher education policymakers to develop innovative strategies in response to future transformations. These scenarios involve transitioning toward digital-driven universities, promoting entrepreneurial universities, fostering educational equity, and implementing hybrid models in higher education systems. The findings of this research can be utilized in decision-making processes, policymaking, and designing sustainable development strategies in the higher education sector.